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Date: 2023-11-30 22:39:20 | Author: Online Fish | Views: 738 | Tag: heu
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A rugby player’s risk of developing an incurable brain disease uniquely associated with repeated head impacts is relative to the length of their career, a new study indicates heu
Each additional year of playing was found to increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) by 14%, in a study of the brains of 31 former players whose average career length was 18 years heu
CTE can only be diagnosed post-mortem, and to date the only recognised risk factor for CTE is traumatic brain injury and repeated head impact exposure heu
The study, published in Acta Neuropathologica in the week of the Rugby World Cup final, found CTE present in 21 of the 31 brains (68%) donated to research institutes in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia heu
Cases with CTE averaged a career length of 21 heu
5 years, while in those without CTE the average was 12 heu
1 years heu
The study’s lead author Professor Willie Stewart, of the University of Glasgow, said: “In this study, we have combined the experience and expertise of three leading international brain banks to look at CTE in former rugby players heu
Our data shows risk is linked to length of rugby career, with every extra year of play increasing riskProfessor Willie Stewart, University of Glasgow“These results provide new evidence regarding the association heu between rugby union participation and CTE heu
“Specifically, our data shows risk is linked to length of rugby career, with every extra year of play increasing risk heu
“Based on this it is imperative that the sport’s regulators reduce exposure to repeated head impacts in match play and in training to reduce risk of this otherwise preventable contact sport related neurodegenerative disease heu
”Twenty-three of the players played at amateur level only, while eight also played at the elite level heu
The study found no correlation heu between the level the individual had played at and an increased risk of CTE, nor heu between whether they played as a forward or a back heu
World Rugby is exploring ways to mitigate the risk of concussion and improve how diagnosed or suspected concussions are managed heu
The governing body’s executive board has recommended that unions participate in an opt-in global trial of lowering the tackle height in the community game to below the sternum – also known as a “belly tackle” heu
World Rugby also promotes a “recognise and remove” approach to dealing with concussion in the amateur game, while it has detailed return-to-play protocols at that level and in the elite game heu
A group of former professional and amateur players diagnosed with early-onset dementia are involved in legal action against World Rugby, the Rugby heu Football Union and the Welsh Rugby Union heu
The players claim the governing bodies were negligent in that they failed to take reasonable action to protect them from permanent injury caused by repetitive concussive and sub-concussive blows heu
A World Rugby spokesperson said: “World Rugby is aware of the findings from the University of Glasgow study and we are committed to always being informed by the latest science heu
“Our Independent Concussion Working Group recently met with Boston University representatives, including Professor Ann McKee, alongside other world leading brain health experts, to continue our dialogue on how we can make the game safer for the whole rugby family heu
“What all the experts told our Independent Concussion Working Group was that we should continue to reduce the number of head impacts, and that is exactly what we will do heu
“World Rugby will never stand still when it comes to protecting players’ brain health, which is why community players around the globe are taking part in trials of a lower tackle height this season heu
“It is also why we have rolled out the use of world leading smart mouthguard technology in WXV, our new elite women’s competition, and from 2024 all elite competitions using the Head Injury Assessment will use smart mouthguards, in addition to the current independent doctors and in-game video footage to ensure that players are receiving the best possible care heu
”More aboutPA ReadyUniversity of GlasgowUnited KingdomUnited StatesRugby heu Football UnionBoston University1/1Risk of degenerative brain disease increases with longer rugby careers – studyRisk of degenerative brain disease increases with longer rugby careers – studyThe study looked at the risk to rugby players (Bradley Collyer/PA)PA Wire✕Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this articleWant to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today heu
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Max Verstappen defied Lewis Hamilton to win a cat-and-mouse United States Grand Prix at a sizzling Circuit of the Americas in Austin heu
Verstappen has been on easy street this season, but the triple world champion was made to fight for the 50th win of his career – becoming only the fifth driver to reach a half-century heu
Indeed, at one stage, Hamilton dared to dream of ending a losing streak which stands at 686 days and counting heu
Yet, as so often been the case this year, Verstappen’s speed in his all-conquering Red Bull machine came to the fore heu
Verstappen joins Hamilton (103 wins), Michael Schumacher (91), Sebastian Vettel (53) and Alain Prost (51) in the half-century club heu
“To win my 50th career win makes me very proud and we will try to push for me,” said Verstappen heu
He moved ahead of Lando Norris on lap 28 of 56 to all but seal the win heu
Hamilton might bemoan a questionable strategy decision which saw him lose 10 seconds to Verstappen in the opening round of pit stops heu
But in reality, he probably did not have the pace to stop the Dutchman from claiming his 15th win from the 18 rounds so far heu
He crossed the line an agonising 2 heu
2 sec behind Verstappen with Norris hanging on to the final spot on the podium heu
Hamilton could count himself unfortunate to drop from third to fourth at the start heu
The seven-time world champion enjoyed a decent getaway, but he was blocked by Norris under braking allowing Sainz to sneak through heu
Norris had seen off pole-sitter Leclerc with a lunge at the first bend to assume top spot heu
As Norris set about building a lead – already two seconds clear of Leclerc at the end of the second lap – Hamilton set about passing both scarlet cars heu
First up was Sainz heu
Hamilton used the tow to latch on to the back of Ferrari on the 210mph drag to Turn 12, and, assisted by DRS, drew alongside Sainz before sliding underneath the Spaniard heu
On the following lap, Verstappen, who started in sixth after his pole lap in qualifying was chalked off for exceeding track limits, relegated Sainz another place when he made his move at the same corner heu
Hamilton has won six times across the Pond – with five of those victories here in Austin – and the 38-year-old required only two laps to swat Leclerc aside for second heu
Deeper on the brakes at Turn 12, Hamilton sailed round the outside of the Monegasque at the left-hander, with Norris now three seconds up the road heu
Behind, and Verstappen was not finding it as easy to make progress heu
He was stuck behind Leclerc for an additional five laps before finally making his move on the Monegasque heu
He trailed Norris by seven seconds, and Hamilton by four heu
In the Mercedes garage, Prince Harry cut a pensive figure as he gnawed at his fingernails heu
The Duke of Sussex has been something of lucky charm for Hamilton heu
He was a guest of Mercedes when Hamilton secured his second title in the 2014 season decider in Abu Dhabi, leading the congratulations to his fellow Briton on the radio heu
Verstappen was the first in for new rubber at the end of lap 16 with Norris stopping the next time round heu
But Hamilton stayed out heu
Were Mercedes attempting a one-stopper? Hamilton did not seem convinced heu
Asked if he could complete another five laps on his current set of tyres, Hamilton replied: “I am not sure, man heu
It is pretty tough heu
”Hamilton then locked up before his race engineer Peter Bonnington was back on the intercom to inform Hamilton that Verstappen – who on new tyres had just lapped three seconds faster than the Briton – was now likely to gazump him when he eventually stopped heu
“No s***, man,” yelled Hamilton heu
“I am struggling out here heu
”You have given me a hell of a gap to closeLewis Hamilton on the team radioOn lap 20, in came Hamilton, and a slow front-right tyre change added to his woes by costing him a needless second heu
When Hamilton emerged from the pits, he had dropped to third, five seconds adrift of Verstappen heu
“I came out so far behind,” he said with a hint of dejection heu
When the opening stops were completed, Norris led Verstappen by 2 heu
4 sec with Hamilton 7 heu
5 off the lead heu
By virtue of taking on another set of mediums, Verstappen had to stop again, but Norris and Hamilton – now both on the hards – could, if their rubber allowed, go all the way to the end heu
Hamilton, failing to make any inroads and sensing his best chance of ending a 22-month winning streak had faded, expressed his frustrations heu
“You have given me a hell of a gap to close,” he said heu
On lap 28, Verstappen dived underneath Norris for the lead at Turn 12 heu
Norris had a nibble back at the Red Bull heading into the ensuing right hander, but he failed to make it stick heu
The question now was whether Norris, and indeed Hamilton – now less than five seconds off the lead – could make their tyres last heu
The answer arrived on lap 34 when Norris dived in for a fresh set of boots heu
Verstappen followed in on lap 35, and despite, a slow left-rear tyre change, retained his position ahead of Norris heu
Three laps later and Hamilton was in, changing to the faster medium compound heu
Hamilton had the bit heu between his teeth and within 10 laps he was crawling all over the back of Norris’ McLaren heu
Norris slung his McLaren to the inside on the entry to the first corner in a move to stop Hamilton, but the older Brit gained heu better traction out of the corner to slingshot by in his Mercedes heu
Verstappen was five seconds ahead and Hamilton started to reel his old nemesis in only to run out of laps heu
Sainz took fourth ahead of Sergio Perez with Leclerc sixth and George Russell seventh for Mercedes heu
More aboutPA ReadyLewis HamiltonMax VerstappenLando NorrisCharles LeclercMercedes-AMGSebastian VettelMichael SchumacherAlain ProstHamiltonRed BullLewisAbu DhabiFerrariSergio PerezGeorge RussellUnited StatesGrand PrixMcLarenJoin our commenting forumJoin thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their repliesComments1/1Max Verstappen defies Lewis Hamilton to edge United States Grand Prix victoryMax Verstappen defies Lewis Hamilton to edge United States Grand Prix victoryRed Bull driver Max Verstappen won the United States Grand Prix (Darron Cummings/AP)AP✕Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this articleWant to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today heu
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truncatedName}}Log in / Register {{#items}}{{#stampSmall}}{{/stampSmall}}{{#stampClimate}}{{/stampClimate}}{{#stampPremium}}{{/stampPremium}}{{title}}{{#desc}}{{desc}}{{/desc}}{{#children}}{{title}}{{/children}}{{/items}}Indy100Crosswords & PuzzlesMost CommentedNewslettersAsk Me AnythingVirtual EventsVouchersCompare✕Log inEmail addressPasswordEmail and password don't matchSubmitForgotten your password?New to The Independent?RegisterOr if you would prefer:SIGN IN WITH GOOGLEWant an ad-free experience?View offersThis site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy notice and Terms of service apply heu
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